Corrections are made at the journal’s discretion. We have a duty to maintain the integrity of the scientific record, so minor corrections that do not affect the scientific understanding or argument of the paper (for example formatting or typographical errors or preference of wording) are unlikely to be accepted if submitted post-publication in order to prevent discrepancies in future citations of the article.

If the article has already been published and the correction is of a more substantial nature, a correction notice can be added to the issue. The online version of the article will link to the correction notice, and vice versa.

Retractions are considered only in cases of evidence of plagiarism, unreliable data or findings, duplicate publication, unethical research or other types of academic misconduct. Retraction notices explain why the article was retracted.